JOSEPH M. SCANDURA

Foshay & Preese (F&P) and Scandura (S) define knowledge representation differently. F&P use the generic term “automation”, whereas S argues that representing knowledge as ASTs represents a qualitative rather than incremental advance. Actual savings in development costs may vary from F&P’s 45-50% to S’s 55-60%. Pedagogical options can be set in seconds without “tweaking” and incomplete analyses may automatically be compensated by authors setting more stringent requirements for mastery.