Investigation of Hyperkalemia and Hemochromatosis of Blood Using Optical Microscopic with Laser Source @ 632nm
M. A. Siddique, M. A. Majid, F. Siddique, M. Akhtar, K. Farooq, A. Aleem, H. Ullah, A. Akram, Z. Batool and A. Nazir
Hyperkalemia, defined by elevated serum potassium levels, poses risks to cardiac function. Assessment involves routine blood tests measuring serum potassium, a vital parameter for cellular and cardiac stability. Hemochromatosis is characterized by excess iron absorption and accumulation. Serum iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin tests collectively contribute to diagnosing this condition. To investigate variations in leucocyte shape, size, and cell count concerning two analytes—potassium and iron—this study combines five different concentrations of each analyte, ranging from 10 mM to 50 mM at 10 mM intervals. The analysis employs white light microscopy incorporated a diode (laser wavelength, λo=630 nm and bandwidth, Δλ=15 nm) in transmission mode, a CCD camera and shows the size attenuation, platelet rouleaux formation and shape deformations, Celltac hematological analyzer to examine, diffusion phenomena, osmotic bursting of cells, and changes in cell count in relation to each phantom of the respective analyte in whole blood. The results show the attenuation of WBCs, RBCs, PLTs, HGB and MCV under Potassium and Iron.
Keyword: Hyperkalemia, hemochromatosis, Complete Blood Count (CBC), microscopy, hematology