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Recent Advances in Electrical Observation Techniques for Suspended Sediment Concentration in Marine Environments: A Comprehensive Review
Xianming Zhu, Zhicheng Zhang, Zhihan Fan, Xueyang Li, Linsen Wang, Xuezhi Feng and Yonggang Jia
Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in marine environments is a key parameter for characterizing sediment dynamic processes, ecological environmental changes, and the evolution of the seabed boundary layer. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in electrical observation techniques for suspended sediment concentration in marine environments. By integrating bibliometric results, it further analyzes the development trends and research hotspots in this field and compares the principles, advantages, limitations, and applicable scenarios of optical, acoustic, laser diffraction, differential pressure, image recognition, and electrical observation methods. Particular emphasis is placed on the application advances of electrical methods, including resistivity, conductivity, capacitance, time-domain reflectometry, self-potential, and oxidation-reduction potential, in suspended sediment concentration monitoring, seabed interface identification, and seabed boundary layer observation. The review indicates that electrical observation techniques offer notable advantages in adaptability to highly turbid environments, anti-fouling capability, potential for online continuous monitoring, and cost control. However, their quantitative inversion remains affected by the coupling of multiple factors, and limitations persist in low-concentration monitoring, long-term stability, and field validation in real marine environments. Future research should focus on the coupling mechanisms of multiple parameters, sensor optimization, and intelligent inversion methods.
Keywords: suspended sediment concentration in marine environments; electrical observation techniques; resistivity; self-potential; oxidation-reduction potential; environmental monitoring