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Review of Development of Submersible Deep-Sea Habitat Observation Technology
Zhongjun Ding, Zhiyuan Li, Guangzhao Diao, Dewei Li and Hongyu Li
To further leverage the technical advantages of using manned submersibles to conduct deep-sea habitat observations and their significant role in deep-sea environmental monitoring and protection, this paper provides an overview of representative technologies for observing key environmental elements in deep-sea habitats, including the seabed micro-morphology, physical environment, and chemical environment. These precise observations are essential for deep-sea habitat research. The technologies discussed encompass high-resolution acoustic and optical observations of terrain and geomorphology during manned deep-sea dives; conductivity, temperature, depth measurements; turbulence analysis; in-situ detection of physical parameters such as sediment conductivity, heat, and radioactivity; and in situ chemical parameter detection using electrochemical technology, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance, and microfluidics. This article emphasizes the successful applications of representative manned deep-sea observation technologies and highlights their significance. Furthermore, future trends and potential applications in this field are discussed.
Keywords: manned submersible, deep-sea habitat, in situ observations