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Energy Management System Strategy Evaluation for E-Vehicles Using Proportional Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP
Irem Otay, Irem Ucal Sari, A. Çağri Tolga, Selcuk Cebi, Sezi Cevik Onar and Basar Oztaysi
The shift from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is essential for sustainability. Energy management strategies play a crucial role in this transition, as they affect battery performance, extend lifespan, and ensure cost-effectiveness. This study evaluates energy management system (EMS) strategies for EVs using the Proportional Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (PPF-AHP) to prioritize decision criteria. To achieve this, a decision model is constructed involving four main criteria—sustainability and resilience, cost efficiency, performance and reliability, and competitiveness—as well as sixteen sub-criteria. Then, pairwise evaluations from five experts are collected and aggregated leading to the prioritization of decision criteria. In order to show the robustness of the methodology, the PPF-AHP results are compared with Buckley’s Fuzzy AHP and Decomposed Fuzzy AHP.
Keywords: Electrical vehicles (EVs), Energy management strategies, Battery performance Proportional Pythagorean fuzzy AHP